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Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES, Job’s syndrome)
- characterized by recurrent and often severe pulmonary infections, pneumatoceles, eczema, staphylococcal abscesses, mucocutaneous candidiasis, and abnormalities of bone and connective tissue.
- Scoliosis occurs in about 75% of patients
- May have LLD.
- Autosomal dominant
- Hyperextensibility.
hyper IgM syndrome
- frequent infections, including pneumonia, sinus infections, and ear infections.
- chronic diarrhea, failure to gain weight.
- Increased risk of lymphoma and gastrointestinal tumors.
IgA deficiency
- recurrent sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections, allergies, and an increased incidence of autoimmune disorders.
IgG deficiency
- recurrent sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections, with no specific associated musculoskeletal pathology.
Ricciardi BF, Schwarz EM. Orthopaedic infections and microbiology. In: Parvizi J, ed. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update 13. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2021:175-186.
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