Normal Limb Alignment

Lower limb mechanical axis image

Knee mechanical axis image

mechanical axis image

 Intoeing

  • Metatarsus adductus
  • Persistent normal internal tibial torsion
  • Excessive frmoral anteversion

Development

  • Average infant's tibia is internally rotated 5° Average 10y/o has 10° external rotation.
  • Infants have varus knees that straighten to neutral position by 18 months, progress to maximal valgus by age 2-3 years. Then remodel to physiologic valgus of 6° -7° by age 8.
Source URL: https://eorif.com/normal-limb-alignment