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Glenohumeral Arthritis (Primary Shoulder Osteoarthritis)
Synonyms: Shoulder OA, Glenohumeral joint degeneration, Arthrosis of the shoulder
Glenohumeral Arthritis ICD-10 Codes
| Code |
Description |
| M19.011 |
Primary osteoarthritis, right shoulder |
| M19.012 |
Primary osteoarthritis, left shoulder |
| M19.019 |
Primary osteoarthritis, unspecified shoulder |
| M19.111 |
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, right shoulder |
| M19.112 |
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, left shoulder |
| M19.119 |
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, unspecified shoulder |
| M19.211–M19.219 |
Secondary osteoarthritis of shoulder (by laterality) |
ICD-9 Code (Legacy)
- 715.11 – Primary osteoarthrosis, shoulder
Glenohumeral Arthritis Etiology / Risk Factors
- Degenerative wear of the articular cartilage in the glenohumeral joint
- Common in patients >60 years old
- Risk factors: prior trauma, rotator cuff tear, repetitive overhead work, obesity, inflammatory arthritis
Glenohumeral Arthritis Clinical Presentation
- Progressive shoulder pain (often worse with activity)
- Stiffness, especially with external rotation and abduction
- Crepitus with movement
- Difficulty with grooming, reaching overhead or behind back
Glenohumeral Arthritis Diagnostic Imaging
- AP (Grashey), axillary, and scapular Y views of the shoulder
- Joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis or cysts
- CT or MRI to evaluate bone loss or soft tissue (e.g. cuff tear)
Glenohumeral Arthritis Non-Operative Management
- Activity modification (avoid repetitive overhead use)
- NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or COX-2 inhibitors
- Physical therapy: ROM and strengthening (rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers)
- Home exercise program: pulley, wall crawls, resistance bands
- Injections:
- Corticosteroid (ultrasound-guided recommended; limit 3–4/year)
- Viscosupplementation or PRP (emerging evidence)
- Duloxetine or low-dose tramadol for persistent pain
Glenohumeral Arthritis Operative Management
- Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA): for advanced OA with intact rotator cuff
- Reverse TSA: for cuff tear arthropathy, glenoid bone loss, or prior failed TSA
- Hemiarthroplasty: limited use; may be indicated for younger patients or focal head disease
- Arthroscopy: limited utility in late-stage OA
Glenohumeral Arthritis Post-Operative Care
- Sling for 2–4 weeks depending on procedure
- Passive ROM → active-assisted ROM by 4–6 weeks
- Strengthening begins at 6–10 weeks post-op
- Return to ADLs: 3–4 months; full recovery: up to 1 year
Glenohumeral Arthritis Patient Tips & Lifestyle Advice
- Perform daily stretching even during flares (avoid aggressive loading)
- Use heat before activity and ice after exercise
- Maintain healthy BMI to reduce joint stress
- Consider adaptive aids (e.g. long-handled reacher, electric razor)
- Sleep on the opposite side or back with pillow support
Glenohumeral Arthritis Outcome Measures
- ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Score)
- Constant Score
- WOOS (Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of Shoulder Index)
Glenohumeral Arthritis Key References
- AAOS CPG: Glenohumeral OA Management Guidelines, 2020
- APTA Clinical Practice Guidelines for Shoulder Pain, 2023
- Edwards TB, et al. Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Glenohumeral Arthritis. JSES, 2022
- Lo IK, Burkhart SS. Arthroscopic Debridement for Shoulder OA. Arthroscopy, 2021
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